Yin simintin gyare-gyare na bawul ɗin bawul ɗin shine muhimmin sashi na tsarin samar da bawul, kuma ingancin simintin bawul ɗin yana ƙayyade ingancin bawul.Mai zuwa yana gabatar da hanyoyin aiwatar da simintin gyare-gyare da yawa da aka saba amfani da su a masana'antar bawul:
Yin simintin yashi:
Za a iya raba simintin yashi da aka saba amfani da shi a masana'antar bawul zuwa koren yashi, busasshen yashi, yashi gilashin ruwa da yashi mai taurin kai bisa ga ɗaure daban-daban.
(1) Koren yashi tsari ne na gyare-gyare ta amfani da bentonite azaman ɗaure.
Sifofinsa sune:Yashin da aka gama ba ya buƙatar bushewa ko taurare, ƙirar yashi yana da ƙayyadaddun ƙarfin jika, kuma ginshiƙan yashi da kwasfa suna da yawan amfanin ƙasa, yana sauƙaƙa tsaftacewa da girgiza fitar da simintin.Ƙimar samar da gyare-gyare yana da girma, sake zagayowar samarwa yana takaice, farashin kayan yana da ƙasa, kuma yana dacewa don tsara tsarin samar da layi na taro.
Lalacewarsa shine:simintin gyare-gyare na da lahani ga lahani irin su pores, shigar da yashi, da mannewar yashi, kuma ingancin simintin, musamman ma ingantacciyar inganci, bai dace ba.
Matsakaicin da tebur wasan kwaikwayo na kore yashi don simintin ƙarfe:
(2) Busasshen yashi shine tsarin gyare-gyare ta amfani da yumbu azaman ɗaure.Ƙara ɗan ƙaramin bentonite zai iya inganta ƙarfin rigar.
Sifofinsa sune:yashin yashi yana buƙatar bushewa, yana da kyawawa mai kyau na iska, ba ya da lahani kamar wanke yashi, yashi mai tsinke, da pores, kuma ainihin ingancin simintin yana da kyau.
Lalacewarsa shine:yana buƙatar kayan bushewar yashi kuma tsarin samarwa yana da tsayi.
(3) Yashi gilashin ruwa shine tsarin yin samfuri ta amfani da gilashin ruwa azaman ɗaure.Siffofinsa sune: gilashin ruwa yana da aikin taurara ta atomatik lokacin da aka fallasa shi zuwa CO2, kuma yana iya samun fa'idodi daban-daban na hanyar hardening gas don yin samfuri da kuma yin core, amma akwai gazawa irin su rashin daidaituwar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, wahala a cikin yashi tsaftacewa na simintin gyare-gyare, da ƙarancin sabuntawa da ƙimar sake amfani da yashi na tsohon yashi.
Matsakaicin da tebur aikin gilashin ruwa CO2 hardening yashi:
(4) Furan guduro mai taurin kai yashi gyare-gyaren simintin simintin ne ta hanyar amfani da guduro furan a matsayin ɗaure.Yashi mai yin gyare-gyare yana ƙarfafawa saboda halayen sinadarai na mai ɗaure ƙarƙashin aikin wakili na warkewa a zafin jiki.Halinsa shi ne cewa ƙwayar yashi baya buƙatar bushewa, wanda ke rage yawan aikin samarwa kuma yana adana makamashi.Yashi gyare-gyaren guduro yana da sauƙin haɗawa kuma yana da kyawawan kaddarorin tarwatsewa.Yashin gyare-gyare na simintin gyare-gyare yana da sauƙin tsaftacewa.Simintin gyaran gyare-gyaren suna da daidaiton girman girman da kuma kyakkyawan yanayin ƙasa, wanda zai iya haɓaka ingancin simintin.Lalacewarsa shine: buƙatun inganci don ɗanyen yashi, ɗan ƙamshi kaɗan a wurin da ake samarwa, da tsadar guduro.
Matsakaicin tsari da hadawa na gauran yashi mai gasa ba-bake:
Tsarin haɗewar yashi mai taurin kai: Zai fi kyau a yi amfani da mahaɗin yashi mai ɗorewa don yin yashi mai taurin kai.Ana kara danyen yashi, guduro, wakili na warkewa, da sauransu a jere kuma a gauraya da sauri.Ana iya gauraye shi kuma a yi amfani da shi a kowane lokaci.
Tsarin ƙara nau'ikan albarkatun ƙasa daban-daban yayin haɗa yashin guduro shine kamar haka:
Raw yashi + wakili mai warkarwa (p-toluenesulfonic acid bayani mai ruwa) - (120 ~ 180S) - guduro + silane - (60 ~ 90S) - samar da yashi
(5) Tsarin samar da simintin yashi na yau da kullun:
Daidaitaccen simintin gyare-gyare:
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, masana'antun bawul sun ba da hankali sosai ga ingancin bayyanar da daidaiton girman simintin.Domin kyakkyawan bayyanar shine ainihin abin da ake buƙata na kasuwa, kuma shine ma'auni na matsayi na matakin farko na machining.
Madaidaicin simintin gyare-gyaren da aka saba amfani da shi a cikin masana'antar bawul shine simintin saka hannun jari, wanda aka gabatar a taƙaice kamar haka:
(1) Hanyoyi biyu na tsari na simintin gyare-gyare:
①Yin amfani da low-zazzabi kakin zuma na tushen mold abu (stearic acid + paraffin), low-matsi kakin zuma allura, ruwa gilashin harsashi, ruwan zafi dewaxing, yanayi narkewa da zubo tsari, yafi amfani ga carbon karfe da low gami karfe simintin gyaran kafa tare da janar ingancin bukatun. , Matsakaicin daidaito na simintin gyare-gyare na iya isa daidaitattun CT7 ~ 9 na ƙasa.
② Amfani da matsakaici-zazzabi na tushen mold abu, high-matsi da kakin zuma allura, silica sol mold harsashi, tururi dewaxing, m yanayi ko injin narkewa tsarin simintin gyaran kafa, da girma daidaito na simintin gyaran kafa na iya isa CT4-6 madaidaicin simintin gyaran kafa.
(2) Tsarin tsari na yau da kullun na simintin saka hannun jari:
(3) Halayen simintin zuba jari:
①A simintin gyaran kafa yana da babban girma daidaito, m surface da kyau bayyanar ingancin.
② Yana yiwuwa a jefa sassa tare da hadaddun sifofi da sifofi waɗanda ke da wahalar aiwatarwa tare da wasu matakai.
③ Abubuwan simintin gyare-gyare ba su da iyaka, kayan kwalliya iri-iri kamar: carbon karfe, bakin karfe, gami da karfe, gami da aluminum, gami da zafin jiki mai girma, da karafa masu daraja, musamman kayan gami da ke da wahalar ƙirƙira, walda da yanke.
④ Kyakkyawan samar da sassauci da ƙarfin daidaitawa.Ana iya samar da shi da yawa, kuma ya dace da yanki ɗaya ko ƙaramin tsari.
⑤ Simintin saka hannun jari kuma yana da wasu iyakoki, kamar: ƙaƙƙarfan kwararar tsari da kuma tsawon lokacin samarwa.Saboda ƙayyadaddun dabarun simintin gyare-gyaren da za a iya amfani da su, ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyinsa ba zai iya yin girma sosai ba lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi don jefar simintin bawul na bakin ciki mai ɗaukar nauyi.
Nazari na Simintin Ƙirar
Duk wani simintin gyare-gyaren zai sami lahani na ciki, kasancewar waɗannan lahani zai kawo babban haɗari na ɓoye ga ingancin ciki na simintin gyare-gyaren, kuma gyaran walda don kawar da waɗannan lahani a cikin tsarin samarwa zai kawo babban nauyi ga tsarin samarwa.Musamman ma, bawul ɗin simintin simintin gyare-gyare ne waɗanda ke jure matsi da zafin jiki, kuma ƙaƙƙarfan tsarin su na ciki yana da mahimmanci.Saboda haka, lahani na ciki na simintin gyare-gyare ya zama ƙwaƙƙwaran abin da ke shafar ingancin simintin.
Lalacewar ciki na simintin gyare-gyaren bawul sun haɗa da pores, haɗaɗɗun slag, raguwar porosity da fasa.
(1) Pores:Gas ne ke samar da pores, saman ramukan yana da santsi, kuma ana samar da su a ciki ko kusa da farfajiyar simintin, kuma sifofinsu galibi suna zagaye ne ko kuma billa.
Babban tushen iskar gas da ke haifar da pores sune:
① Narkar da nitrogen da hydrogen da aka narkar da su a cikin karfe suna kunshe ne a cikin karfe yayin karfafawar simintin gyare-gyare, suna kafa rufaffiyar madauwari ko bangon ciki na m tare da luster na ƙarfe.
② Danshi ko abubuwa masu canzawa a cikin kayan gyare-gyare za su juya zuwa gas saboda dumama, samar da pores tare da bangon ciki mai launin ruwan kasa.
③ A lokacin aikin zubar da karfe, saboda rashin kwanciyar hankali, iska yana shiga don samar da pores.
Hanyar rigakafi na lahani stomatal:
① A wajen narke, ya kamata a yi amfani da ɗanyen kayan ƙarfe masu tsatsa ko a'a, kuma a toya kayan aiki da ladles kuma a bushe.
②A zuba narkakkar karfe da zafi mai zafi sannan a zuba da zafi kadan, sannan a kwantar da narkakken karfen yadda ya kamata domin saukaka shawagi da iskar gas.
③ Zane-zanen tsari na mai jujjuyawar ya kamata ya kara matsa lamba kan narkakkar karfe don guje wa tarkon iskar gas, da kuma kafa hanyar iskar gas ta wucin gadi don shayar da hankali.
④ Abubuwan gyare-gyaren ya kamata su sarrafa abun ciki na ruwa da ƙarar gas, ƙara yawan iska, kuma ya kamata a gasa yashi da kuma yashi da kuma bushe kamar yadda zai yiwu.
(2) Rushewar rami (sakowa):Yana da madaidaicin madauwari ko mara daidaituwa ko rami mara daidaituwa (kogon) wanda ke faruwa a cikin simintin gyare-gyare (musamman a wurin zafi), tare da ƙaƙƙarfan saman ciki da launi mai duhu.Ƙaƙƙarfan hatsin kristal, mafi yawa a cikin nau'in dendrites, waɗanda aka tattara a wurare ɗaya ko fiye, masu saurin zubar da ruwa yayin gwajin ruwa.
Dalili na raguwar rami (looseness):raguwar girma yana faruwa lokacin da aka ƙarfafa ƙarfe daga ruwa zuwa ƙasa mai ƙarfi.Idan babu isassun narkakken narkakken ƙarfe a wannan lokacin, to babu makawa ramin raguwar zai faru.Rushewar rami na simintin ƙarfe yana faruwa ne ta asali ta rashin kulawar da ba ta dace ba na tsarin ƙarfi na jeri.Dalilan na iya haɗawa da saitunan hawan da ba daidai ba, yawan zafin da aka zubar da narkakkar karfe, da raguwar ƙarfe babba.
Hanyoyi don hana raguwar cavities (looseness):① A kimiyance zayyana tsarin zub da simintin gyare-gyare na simintin gyare-gyare don cimma daidaiton ƙarfe na narkakkar, kuma sassan da ke ƙarfafa farko ya kamata a cika su da narkakkar karfe.② Daidai kuma a hankali saita riser, tallafi, baƙin ƙarfe sanyi na ciki da na waje don tabbatar da ƙarfi na jeri.③Lokacin da aka zubo narkakken karfen, allurar saman daga mai tashi tana da fa'ida don tabbatar da zafin narkakkar karfen da ciyarwa, da rage faruwar kogo na raguwa.④ Dangane da saurin zubewa, ƙarar saurin zubewa ya fi dacewa ga ƙarfafa jeri fiye da zubar da sauri.⑸Kada yawan zafin da ake zubawa ya yi yawa.Ana fitar da narkakkar karfe daga cikin tanderun da zafin jiki mai zafi kuma a zubar da shi bayan an kwantar da shi, wanda ke da fa'ida don rage raguwar kogo.
(3) Haɗin yashi (slag):Haɗin yashi (slag), wanda akafi sani da blisters, suna daɗaɗɗen madauwari ko ramukan da ba daidai ba waɗanda ke bayyana a cikin simintin gyare-gyare.Ana haxa ramukan tare da yashi mai gyare-gyare ko shingen ƙarfe, tare da girman da ba daidai ba kuma an tara su.Wurare ɗaya ko fiye, sau da yawa ƙari akan ɓangaren sama.
Dalilan yashi (slag) haɗawa:Haɗin ɓangarorin yana faruwa ne ta hanyar ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙarfe mai hankali da ke shiga simintin tare da narkakkar karfe yayin aikin narka ko zuba.Haɗin yashi yana faruwa ne sakamakon rashin isasshen matsewar rami a lokacin gyare-gyare.Lokacin da aka zuba narkakken ƙarfe a cikin rami na ƙura, yashin da aka narkar da shi yana wanke yashin da aka narkar da shi kuma ya shiga ciki na simintin.Bugu da kari, rashin aikin da bai dace ba a lokacin datsawa da rufe akwatin, da kuma lamarin yashi na fadowa suma su ne dalilan hada yashi.
Hanyoyi don hana shigar da yashi (slag):① Lokacin da narkakkar karfe ya narke, shaye-shaye da slag ya kamata a ƙare sosai kamar yadda zai yiwu.②Kada ka juyar da narkakkar jakar zubowa, amma a yi amfani da buhun tukunyar shayi ko kuma jakar zubo ƙasa don hana ƙanƙarar da ke sama da narkakkar ɗin shiga cikin rami na zubewar tare da narkakken ƙarfe.③ Lokacin zuba narkakkar karfe, ya kamata a dauki matakai don hana slag shiga cikin kogon mold tare da narkakkar karfe.④ Domin rage yuwuwar haɗawa da yashi, tabbatar da tsattsauran ƙwayar yashi lokacin yin samfuri, yi hankali kada ku rasa yashi lokacin datsawa, da busa ƙurar ƙura mai tsabta kafin rufe akwatin.
(4) Kashe:Yawancin tsagawar simintin gyare-gyaren tsaga ne masu zafi, tare da siffofi marasa tsari, shiga ko rashin shiga, ci gaba ko tsaka-tsaki, kuma karfen da ke tsaga yana da duhu ko yana da iskar oxygenation.
dalilai na fasa, wato matsanancin zafin jiki da nakasar fim na ruwa.
Matsanancin zafin jiki shine damuwa da aka samu ta hanyar raguwa da nakasar karfe a yanayin zafi mai girma.Lokacin da damuwa ya wuce ƙarfin ko ƙayyadaddun nakasar filastik na ƙarfe a wannan zafin jiki, fasa zai faru.Nakasar fim ɗin ruwa shine samuwar fim ɗin ruwa tsakanin hatsin lu'ulu'u yayin aikin ƙarfafawa da tsarin crystallization na narkakken ƙarfe.Tare da ci gaba na ƙarfafawa da crystallization, fim din ruwa ya lalace.Lokacin da adadin nakasawa da saurin nakasawa ya wuce ƙayyadaddun iyaka, ana haifar da fasa.Matsakaicin zafin jiki na fashewar thermal shine kusan 1200 ~ 1450 ℃.
Abubuwan da ke shafar fashe:
① S da P abubuwan da ke cikin ƙarfe sune abubuwa masu cutarwa ga tsagewa, kuma eutectics ɗin su tare da ƙarfe suna rage ƙarfi da filastik na simintin ƙarfe a yanayin zafi mai zafi, yana haifar da fashewa.
② Slag haɗawa da rarrabuwa a cikin ƙarfe yana haɓaka haɓakar damuwa, don haka ƙara haɓakar zafi mai zafi.
③ Mafi girman madaidaicin raguwa na nau'in karfe, mafi girman yanayin fashewar zafi.
④ Mafi girman ƙarfin wutar lantarki na nau'in karfe, mafi girman tashin hankali na farfajiya, mafi kyawun kayan aikin injiniya mai zafi, kuma ƙananan yanayin zafi mai zafi.
⑤ Tsarin tsari na simintin gyare-gyare ba shi da kyau a masana'anta, kamar ƙananan sasanninta masu zagaye, babban kaurin bango, da matsananciyar damuwa, wanda zai haifar da fasa.
⑥ Ƙaƙƙarfan ƙwayar yashi ya yi yawa sosai, kuma rashin yawan amfanin ƙasa na ainihin yana hana raguwar simintin gyaran kafa kuma yana ƙara haɓakar fasa.
⑦Wasu, irin su tsarin da bai dace ba na riser, saurin sanyaya simintin, damuwa da yawa da ke haifarwa ta hanyar yanke mai tashi da maganin zafi, da sauransu kuma za su yi tasiri ga haɓakar fasa.
Dangane da abubuwan da ke haifar da abubuwan da ke haifar da tsagewar da ke sama, ana iya ɗaukar matakan da suka dace don ragewa da kuma guje wa faruwar lahani.
Dangane da binciken da ya gabata na abubuwan da ke haifar da lahani na simintin gyaran kafa, gano matsalolin da ke akwai da kuma ɗaukar matakan inganta daidaitattun, za mu iya samun mafita ga lahani na simintin gyare-gyare, wanda zai dace da haɓaka ingancin simintin.
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-31-2023