Wurin zama na bawul ɗin malam buɗe ido wani muhimmin abu ne da ke rufe bawul ɗin malam buɗe ido. Babban aikinsa shi ne ya taɓa farantin malam buɗe ido (faifan bawul ɗin) sannan ya samar da saman rufewa lokacin da bawul ɗin ya rufe don hana ɓuyawar matsakaici. Musamman,wurin zama na bawul ɗin malam buɗe idoza a iya sanya shi a bangon ciki na jikin bawul ko kuma a tsara shi don a haɗa shi da farantin malam buɗe ido, ta hanyar dogaro da kayansa da tsarinsa don cimma kyakkyawan tasirin rufewa.
1. Gabatarwar bawul ɗin Malam Buɗaɗɗe Rarraba Kujera
1. 1 Rarrabawa ta hanyar kayan aiki
A. Wurin zama mai laushi na bawul mai laushi
Yawanci yana nufin kayan aiki kamar roba, silicone, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
Ribobi: kyakkyawan aikin rufewa, amsawa da sauri, ya dace da ƙarancin zafin jiki, ƙarancin matsin lamba da ƙarancin kafofin watsa labarai masu lalata (banda PTFE).
Rashin amfani: rashin juriya ga lalacewa, rayuwar sabis tana iyakance saboda tsufa.
B. Wurin zama na bawul ɗin ƙarfe
An yi shi da bakin karfe, ƙarfe mai carbon ko wasu kayan ƙarfe.
Amfani: juriyar zafin jiki mai yawa, juriyar matsin lamba mai yawa, juriyar lalacewa mai ƙarfi, ya dace da yanayin aiki mai tsauri.
Rashin amfani: manyan buƙatu don rufe ƙarfe-zuwa-ƙarfe, daidaiton sarrafawa da buƙatun shigarwa.
C. Wurin zama na bawul mai haɗawa
Yana haɗa fa'idodin ƙarfe da kayan laushi, yawanci yana rufe tsarin ƙarfe da kayan roba kamar graphite.
Ba wai kawai zai iya tabbatar da kyakkyawan aikin hatimi ba, har ma yana inganta juriyar lalacewa da rayuwar sabis.
1.2. Rarrabawa ta hanyar tsari
A. Kujera mai tauri a baya
Wurin zama na bawul da kuma bayansa an yi su ne a dunkule, tare da tsari mai sauƙi, kuma saman rufewa ya dace sosai da jikin bawul ɗin.
Rashin amfanin wannankujerar bawul mai tauri ta bayashine da zarar kujerar bawul ta lalace ko ta tsufa, dole ne a wargaza dukkan bawul ɗin malam buɗe ido don maye gurbinsa.
B. Kujera mai laushi mai cirewa
Thekujerar bawul mai laushiyana ɗaukar ƙirar dovetail kuma ana iya wargaza shi kuma a maye gurbinsa daban.
Amfanin shine yana da sauƙin kulawa da tsawaita rayuwar bawul ɗin malam buɗe ido gaba ɗaya.
1.3. Dangane da ƙira ta musamman
A. Bawul ɗin malam buɗe ido mai ban mamaki biyu
Farantin malam buɗe ido yana tafiya tare da gatari biyu masu ban mamaki idan aka rufe shi don rage gogayya da wurin zama na bawul.
Fa'idodin sune rage lalacewa, tsawaita rayuwar wurin zama na bawul, da kuma ingantaccen aikin rufewa.
B. Bawul ɗin malam buɗe ido mai kusurwa uku
Ƙarin ƙira bisa ga daidaituwar abubuwa biyu yana bawa farantin malam buɗe ido da wurin zama na bawul ɗin ƙarfe damar cimma daidaiton hulɗa tsakanin ƙarfe da ƙarfe.
Zai iya cimma sakamako na zahiri na zubar da ruwa kuma ya dace da yanayin aiki mai yawa (kamar zafin jiki mai yawa da kafofin watsa labarai masu matsin lamba).
Nau'o'in kayan kujerun bawul daban-daban suna da halaye na zahiri da na sinadarai daban-daban kuma sun dace da yanayi daban-daban na aiki. A cikin wannan labarin, galibi muna nazari da kwatanta manyan nau'ikan kujerun bawul mai roba, aiki da aikace-aikacen su.
Kujerun bawul ɗin roba da aka fi amfani da su a kasuwa sune NBR, EPDM, VITON (FKM), robar halitta (NR), silicone (Silicone Rubber), polyurethane (PU), robar nitrile hydrogenated (HNBR), HYPALON (CSM), PTFE:
2. Kwatanta Halayen Kayan Kujera na Valve
| Kayan Aiki | NBR (Robar Nitrile) | EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer Roba) | VITON (FKM/Fluorocarbon Roba) | NR (Robar Halitta) | Rufin Silicone | PU (Polyurethane) | Robar Nitrile Mai Haɗaka (HNBR) | HYPALON (Robar Polyethylene ta CSM/Chlorosulfonated) | PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene, Teflon) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Juriyar Mai | Madalla sosai | Talaka | Ya fi kyau (yana jure wa mai da sinadarai) | Talaka | Talaka | Matsakaici | Yana da kyau sosai (yana jure wa mai, mai, da man shafawa) | Matsakaici | Mafi kyau (mafi kyawun juriya ga sinadarai) |
| Juriyar Sinadarai | Matsakaici, yana tsayayya da ƙananan acid da tushe | Yana da kyau sosai (yana tsayayya da acid, tushe, da abubuwan hana oxidation) | Madalla (yana tsayayya da acid, tushe, da sinadarai masu narkewa na halitta) | Matsakaici | Madalla (yana tsayayya da sinadarai masu kashe ƙwayoyin cuta, ba sa guba) | Matsakaici | Mai kyau (yana jure wa acid mai laushi da tushe) | Yana da kyau sosai (yana tsayayya da acid, tushe, da abubuwan hana oxidation) | Yana da kyau (yana jure duk wani sinadarai) |
| Yanayin Zafin Jiki (°C) | -30 ~ 100 | -40 ~ 120 (taƙaice har zuwa 150) | -20 ~ 200 | -50 ~ 70 | -60 ~ 230 | -30 ~ 80 | -40 ~ 150 | -40 ~ 130 | -200 ~ 260 |
| Juriyar Sakawa | Mai kyau | Matsakaici | Mai kyau | Mai kyau (ƙarfin juriya ga lalacewa) | Matsakaici | Mafi kyau (mafi kyawun juriya ga lalacewa) | Madalla sosai | Mai kyau | Matalauci (yana saurin lalacewa) |
| Juriyar Ruwa | Matsakaici | Madalla (ya dace da ruwan zafi da tururi) | Matsakaici | Mai kyau | Mai kyau (mai sauƙin dafa abinci) | Matsakaici | Mai kyau | Madalla sosai | Madalla (mai hana ruwa) |
| Juriyar Yanayi (UV/Ozone) | Talakawa (yana tsufa cikin sauƙi) | Madalla (juriyar yanayi mai kyau) | Mai kyau | Matsakaici | Madalla (matukar juriya ga yanayi) | Matsakaici | Madalla (juriyar yanayi mai kyau) | Mai kyau (mafi kyawun juriya ga yanayi) | Madalla (tsayayya ta UV da tsufa) |
| sassauci | Mai kyau | Madalla sosai | Matsakaici | Madalla sosai | Madalla sosai | Mai kyau | Madalla sosai | Mai kyau | Tauri (ƙarancin gogayya) |
| Babban Aikace-aikace | Man fetur, man shafawa, tsarin man fetur na hydraulic, hatimin masana'antu | Tsarin samar da ruwa da magudanar ruwa, bututun sinadarai, tsarin tururi, kayan aiki na waje | Aikace-aikacen sinadarai masu zafi mai yawa, tsarin mai, sararin samaniya, sinadarai masu amfani da man fetur | Haƙar ma'adinai, kayan aiki masu jure lalacewa, da kuma rufin injina | Abinci, magunguna, hatimin lantarki, aikace-aikacen zafi mai yawa da ƙarancin zafi | Hatimin inji, kayan aiki masu jure lalacewa, hakar ma'adinai, tsarin hydraulic | Man fetur, masana'antar kera motoci, hatimin mai mai zafi | Masana'antar sinadarai, muhallin da ke lalata muhalli, kayan aiki na waje, hatimin da ke jure wa ozone | Sinadaran da ke da ƙarfi, magunguna, hatimin abinci, hatimin zafi mai zafi |
3. Yanayin Aiki Mai Dacewa Don Kayan Kujerar Bawul
| Kayan Aiki | Juriyar Mai/Mai | Juriyar Acid/Tushe | Juriyar Zafin Jiki Mai Girma | Juriyar Ƙananan Zafi | Juriyar Ruwa | Juriyar Sakawa | Juriyar Yanayi (Waje, Ozone) | Matsayin Abinci |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NBR | ✔ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✔ | ❌ | ❌ |
| EPDM | ❌ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ❌ | ✔ | ✔ |
| VITON | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ❌ | ❌ | ✔ | ✔ | ❌ |
| NR | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ❌ | ❌ |
| Silicone | ❌ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ❌ | ✔ | ✔ |
| PU | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✔ | ❌ | ❌ |
| HNBR | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ❌ |
| HYPALON | ❌ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ❌ |
| PTFE | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ❌ | ✔ | ✔ |
4. Shawarwari Kan Zaɓin Kayan Aiki
· Don aikace-aikacen mai, mai, ko man hydraulic → NBR, HNBR, VITON
· Don juriya ga acid/tushe da sinadarai→ EPDM, HYPALON, VITON, PTFE
· Don juriya ga zafin jiki mai yawa (>150°C)→ VITON, Silicone, HYPALON, PTFE
· Don aikace-aikacen ƙarancin zafin jiki (<-40°C)→ NR, Silicone, PTFE
· Don yawan lalacewa da juriya ga gogewa (haƙar ma'adinai, injina)→ NR, PU, HNBR
· Don amfani da ruwan sha da abinci → EPDM, Silicone, PTFE
· Don juriya ga waje da ozone → EPDM, HYPALON, Silicone, PTFE
5. Kammalawa
· NBR (Robar Nitrile): Ya fi dacewa da amfani da mai kamar mai, man hydraulic, amma bai dace da yanayin zafi mai yawa da acid/bases ba.
· EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Rubber): Ya dace da tsarin tace ruwa, sinadarai, da tururi; yana da juriya sosai ga yanayi amma ba ya jure wa mai.
· VITON (Fluorocarbon Roba): Ya dace da yanayin zafi mai yawa, acid/tushe masu ƙarfi, da kuma amfani da mai.
· NR (Robar Halitta): Mafi kyawun juriya ga gogewa, ana amfani da shi a fannin hakar ma'adinai da injina amma ba ya jure wa sinadarai.
· Robar Silikon: Ya dace da yanayin zafi mai zafi/ƙasa, kuma yana da aminci ga abinci, amma ba shi da juriya ga lalacewa.
· PU (Polyurethane): Mafi kyau don juriya ga lalacewa mai tsanani, ana amfani da shi a cikin hatimin hydraulic da aikace-aikacen haƙar ma'adinai.
· HNBR (Robar Nitrile Mai Haɗaka): Ya fi NBR kyau a aikace-aikacen zafi mai yawa da lalacewa, wanda ake amfani da shi a masana'antar man fetur.
· HYPALON (CSM/Chlorosulfonated Polyethylene Roba): Mafi kyau don juriya ga acid/base da kuma fallasa yanayi, wanda ya dace da rufewa da sinadarai da juriya ga ozone.
· PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene): Mafi juriya ga sinadarai, wanda ya dace da yanayin zafi mai yawa, muhallin da ke lalata muhalli, da kuma sarrafa abinci.